Chemically modified curcumin in periodontal therapy: a scoping review

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Abstract Aims/Objectives Periodontitis, a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the supporting structures of the teeth, is conventionally managed with treatments focusing on biofilm removal; however, these therapies do not fully address the dysregulated host response central to disease progression. To address this, chemically modified curcumin (CMC) analogues have been developed by modifying curcumin, a derivative of Curcuma longa , a host-modulating agent with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, CMCs have been used to manage periodontitis. This scoping review systematically maps the available evidence on the therapeutic potential of CMCs and their analogues in managing periodontal disease. Methods A comprehensive literature search in online databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science) using the keywords “chemically modified curcumin” AND “periodontitis” yielded 76 results. Among them, 15 original research studies that evaluated the effects of CMC analogues on periodontitis were reviewed according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Results CMC2.24 was the most common analogue studied, followed by CMC 2.5, the mono-carbonyl analogue of curcumin (e.g., 1A) and iron-curcumin nanoparticles. They produced consistent anti-inflammatory and bone-protective effects across multiple in vitro, ex vivo and animal models . They suppressed the pathologically elevated MMP-9 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, they enhanced pro-resolving mediators, such as Resolvin D1. CMCs were superior to traditional curcumin, owing to their improved stability and bioavailability. Discussion Analysis of the extracted data from the included studies revealed that the CMC analogues effectively reduced excessive inflammation, tissue degradation and dysregulated immune response in periodontitis. Conclusion CMC2.24 was a promising host-modulating agent in periodontal therapy. However, the results are mainly derived from preclinical studies and further human clinical trials are required to apply CMCs into everyday practice.