Effect of Wearable Devices and 5G ‐Powered Remote Precision Rehabilitation on Vascular Function in Post‐ PCI Patients: An Analysis of the Associations Between FMS , Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Arterial Stiffness

Vollständiger Abstract

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ABSTRACT To explore the effects of personalized exercise prescriptions and 5G‐supported remote rehabilitation on adherence, lipid levels, cardiorespiratory fitness, and vascular function in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), as well as to conduct a correlation analysis. This study employed a randomized, prospective clinical trial design, enrolling 155 patients at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2024 to September 2025. Patients were divided into a conventional group ( n = 81) and a 5G remote monitoring group ( n = 74), with the intervention lasting for 12 months. The 5G group utilized wearable devices for real‐time monitoring. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups ( p > 0.05), indicating comparability. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations among peak oxygen uptake (peak VO 2 ), peak work rate (Peak WR), oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO 2 at AT), and peak metabolic equivalents (peak METs) in the overall observed parameters ( r > 0.8); peak VO 2 was positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ( r > 0.4). Vascular function showed positive correlations between Flow‐Mediated Slowing of pulse wave velocity (FMS) and left atrial diameter (LA), the ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to mitral annulus velocity (E/e'), and left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD), while carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cf‐PWV) was negatively correlated with CPET parameters, and there was a strong positive correlation between bilateral ankle‐brachial index (ABI). The Gini index ranking indicated that cf‐PWV, LVEF, age, peak VO 2 , and Peak WR had the most significant impact on FMS. After a 12‐month follow‐up, the improvements in LDL‐C in the traditional group were superior to those in the 5G remote monitoring group ( p < 0.05). However, the 5G remote monitoring group showed significant improvements in LVEF, E/e', LA, LVEDD, FMS, and cf‐PWV compared to the traditional group (all p < 0.05). Factor analysis indicated that in the 5G remote monitoring group, VO 2 at AT and Peak WR were the main positively correlated influencing factors for FMS ( p < 0.05), while Peak WR was a key factor affecting cf‐PWV in relation to LDL‐C ( p < 0.05). The integrated remote comprehensive rehabilitation program established through 5G wearable real‐time monitoring significantly enhanced the rehabilitation compliance and exercise endurance of PCI patients. FMS and cf‐PWV can intuitively reflect the vascular improvement effects brought about by multidimensional interventions and serve as core indicators for assessing the recovery of vascular injury after PCI. Although literature supports that 5G may confer benefits through the shear stress–eNOS–NO and ox‐LDL–MMP pathways, this study did not measure the relevant biomarkers; thus, this mechanism remains hypothetical and requires validation in future research.