RETRACTION: Autophagy Regulates the Apoptosis of Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under Hypoxic Condition via AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway

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RETRACTION: Z. Zhang, M. Yang, Y. Wang, L. Wang, Z. Jin, L. Ding, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, W. Jiang, G. Gao, J. Yang, B. Lu, F. Cao, and T. Hu, “Autophagy Regulates the Apoptosis of Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under Hypoxic Condition via AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway,” Cell Biology International 40, no. 6 (2016): 671–685. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.10604 . The above article, published online on 23 March 2016 in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ), and its correction ( https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.12142 ), have been retracted by agreement between the journal Editorial Board, Xuebiao Yao; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. An investigation by the publisher found several image duplications from other previously published articles: The beta‐actin band in Figure 3 C includes overlapping blot sections that appear in an article by different authors [Li et al. 2013 ( https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076689 )]. The AMPK bands in Figure 4 A was duplicated and manipulated from another article by different authors [Peng et al. 2013 ( https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079739 ))]. The DAPI Hypoxia/SD + , 3‐MA‐, Rapamycin+ image in Figure 6 A was duplicated from another article by different authors [Zhang et al. 2013 ( https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080342 ]. The investigation also found evidence of duplication between the second and fourth LC3‐I bands in Figure 5D. In addition, a third party reported that an article by some of the same authors re‐used and manipulated images that also appear in this article [Yang et al. 2018 ( https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-018-1028-5 )]. Lastly, the investigation found that the DAPI Hypoxia/SD + , 3‐MA‐, Rapamycin‐ image in Figure 6 A also appears in a later article by different authors [Chen et al. 2018 ( https://doi.org/10.1159/000488117 )]. The authors responded to an inquiry by the publisher and shared original data. A review of their response and the original data found that the explanations for image duplication from previously published articles and within the article were not adequate to explain the identified concerns. A correction to this article had been published previously on 11 March 2024 ( https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.12142 ) which replaced multiple images in Figure 5 A and the “Normal” image in Figure 7 F due to errors in those figures. However, the additional concerns in Figures 3, 4, and 6 cast doubt on the accuracy of the data presented in the article. The retraction has been agreed to because the image duplication and manipulation identified have fundamentally compromised the editors' confidence in the results and conclusions presented in the article. The authors disagree with the retraction.