Effects of a neuromuscular exercise program on lower limb alignment and balance ability in individuals with genu varum and knee pain

Vollständiger Abstract

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This study examined the effects of a neuromuscular exercise program on knee joint alignment, pain, and static and dynamic balance in pa-tients with genu varum. Forty female patients aged 40–60 years with ra-diographically confirmed genu varum and a Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) score ≥18.0 were randomly assigned to either an exercise group (EG, n=20) or a control group (CG, n=20). The EG participated in a supervised neuromuscular exercise program 3 times per week for 12 weeks (60 min/session), while the CG maintained usual daily activities. Radiographic assessments included knee-to-knee length (KTKL), hip inclination angle (HIA), and medial proximal tibial an-gle (MPTA). Pain was evaluated using the SF-MPQ. Static and dynamic plantar pressure were measured using a pressure analysis system. Data were analyzed using two-way mixed analysis of variance to ex-amine interactions, with Bonferroni correction applied for post hoc analyses (P