Муниципальное регулирование рекреационной нагрузки на курортных территориях особого статуса в условиях роста внутреннего туризма

Vollständiger Abstract

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Introduction:The growth of domestic tourism in Russia, which reached 92 million trips in 2024 (an 18% increase compared to 2023), creates unprecedented recreational pressure on resort territories of special status. The Caucasus Mineral Waters (CMW) region, hosting over 9.1 million tourists annually with a simultaneous capacity of only 55,000 persons, experiences structural infrastructure deficit and increasing pressure on balneological resources. Objective: To develop and verify an integrated model for assessing recreational load on resort territories of special status and to substantiate municipal regulatory instruments using the CMW resort cities as a case study. Materials and methods: The study utilized statistical data from Rosstat, the Ministry of Tourism of Stavropol Krai, ATOR, and Big Data services for the period 2019–2025 across four CMW resort cities. Comparative analysis, econometric modeling of recreational capacity, infrastructure load coefficients (ILC), and the Territorial Recreational Sustainability Index (TRSI) were applied. The sample included 186 collective accommodation facilities. Statistical processing was performed using SPSS Statistics 27.0 (IBM, USA); significance was assessed using the Mann—Whitney test at p<0.05. Results: Exceedance of the maximum permissible recreational load in Kislovodsk was established at 34.7% during peak season (June–August). The engineering infrastructure load coefficient for CMW reached 1.42 (with a standard of ≤1.0). Introduction of the tourist tax (from 01.01.2025) generated 540 million rubles in 9 months of 2025 for Stavropol Krai. The developed model calculated optimal recreational capacity for each resort city: Kislovodsk — 6,200 persons/day, Pyatigorsk — 4,800 persons/day, Essentuki — 3,100 persons/day, Zheleznovodsk — 2,000 persons/day. Conclusions: A differentiated recreational load regulation system is proposed, including seasonal tourist tax coefficients, territory zoning by load level, and digital tourist flow monitoring, capable of reducing peak overload of resort infrastructure by 22–28%.