Экономическая оценка конкурентоспособности санаториев Калининградской области на рынке трансграничного медицинского туризма Балтийского региона

Vollständiger Abstract

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Introduction: The Kaliningrad region, as an exclave territory of the Russian Federation on the Baltic Sea coast, possesses significant sanatorium and resort potential; however, its positioning in the cross-border medical tourism market remains insufficiently studied from an economic competitiveness perspective. The region's exclave status and proximity to Poland and Lithuania, which constitute the competitive field of Baltic spa services, necessitate a quantitative assessment of price, infrastructure, and institutional competitiveness parameters. Objective: To develop and validate a methodology for the integrated economic assessment of sanatorium competitiveness in the Kaliningrad region compared with Baltic resort destinations (Kołobrzeg, Świnoujście, Palanga, Druskininkai, Jūrmala). Materials and methods: A comparative economic analysis of 14 sanatoriums in the Kaliningrad region and 22 foreign sanatoriums in the Baltic region was conducted for the period 2022–2025. Benchmarking methods for tariff policy, calculation of the price competitiveness index (PCI), resource provision coefficient (RPC), and construction of a "price – quality" matrix based on multi-criteria analysis were employed. Statistical processing included Spearman's correlation analysis and cluster analysis (Ward's method) using SPSS Statistics 27.0. Results: The average cost per bed-day with treatment in the Kaliningrad sanatoriums was 4,280 RUB (≈44 EUR), which is 38.6% lower than in Kołobrzeg (≈72 EUR) and 57.9% lower than in Druskininkai (≈105 EUR). The PCI of Kaliningrad sanatoriums equals 1.64 (high price attractiveness). Peak season occupancy reaches 94.2%, although the annual average (68.7%) lags behind Polish resorts (76.3%). The integrated competitiveness index (ICI) of Kaliningrad sanatoriums was 0.61, corresponding to the "moderate competitiveness" zone, with leading price positions but deficits in transport accessibility and international certification. Conclusions: Kaliningrad sanatoriums possess a pronounced price advantage and unique natural resource potential (amber therapy, peat mud), yet the realization of competitive opportunities in the cross-border Baltic market is constrained by the exclave's logistical limitations and a deficit of international quality standards.