Constructed Wetlands and their Applicability in the Treatment of Sanitary Sewage in Small Communities

Vollständiger Abstract

Worum geht es in dieser Arbeit?

Objective: To analyze, based on technical and scientific literature, the applicability of constructed wetlands as a sustainable alternative for sanitary sewage treatment in small communities, based on natural water purification processes. Theoretical Framework: This research addresses constructed wetlands as a sustainable technology for treating sanitary wastewater. It presents the concepts, operating principles, and main types of these systems, highlighting the physical-chemical and biological mechanisms involved in pollutant removal. Method: This research comprises a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study design, based on a literature review and technical-scientific analysis, to allow for an in-depth understanding of the principles, operation, and applicability of constructed wetlands. Results and Discussion: Analysis of technical and scientific literature revealed consistent evidence regarding the efficiency, feasibility, and sustainability of constructed wetlands as an alternative for sanitary sewage treatment. The results obtained from studies demonstrate that they exhibit high performance in removing pollutants, especially organic matter, suspended solids, nutrients, and pathogenic microorganisms. Research Implications: Thus, the implications of this research encompass sectors such as basic sanitation, environmental management, public health, territorial planning, and environmental policies, contributing both to scientific development and to the practical application of sustainable solutions in the context of environmental sanitation. Originality/Value: This study contributes to scientific literature by systematizing and integrating knowledge about the use of constructed wetlands as a sustainable technology for sanitary sewage treatment. The originality of the research lies in the articulation between theoretical foundations, empirical evidence reported in literature, and technical design criteria.