Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infants: Clinical profile and determinants of outcome

Vollständiger Abstract

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Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and hospitalisation in infants, contributing significantly to paediatric morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study is to describe the clinical profile and outcomes of infants with RSV bronchiolitis and identify factors associated with disease severity, mortality, and length of hospital stay. Material and Methods: This retrospective observational study included children aged 0–24 months admitted with bronchiolitis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed RSV infection between December 2024 and November 2025. Data on demographics, clinical features, comorbidities, investigations, management and outcomes were analysed. Results: Eighty children were included, with a median age of 3 months; 70% were younger than 6 months. Respiratory distress was universal, and 97.5% required respiratory support. Non-invasive ventilation was most commonly used (46.3%). Median hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range 6–15). Mortality was 11.3%. Incomplete immunisation ( p = 0.010), comorbidities ( p = 0.002) and positive blood cultures ( p = 0.008) were associated with mortality. Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with shorter hospital stay ( p = 0.001). Nebulised therapies did not reduce hospitalisation duration. Conclusion: RSV bronchiolitis predominantly affects young infants, with outcomes determined mainly by host-related factors. Preventive strategies and optimised supportive care remain essential.