Historical and pedagogical analysis of value and goal orientations in speech therapist training in the context of the development of Russian special education

Vollständiger Abstract

Worum geht es in dieser Arbeit?

The purpose of the study is to identify, through an analysis of historical trends, the value and goal orientations in the development of the Russian system of professional training for speech therapists aimed at providing psychological and pedagogical support to students with disabilities. The article presents a historical periodization of the genesis of value and goal orientations in speech therapist training in Russia (10th century – early 21st century): 1) the religious and charitable stage (10th-17th centuries); 2) the scientific and educational stage (18th – early 20th century); 3) the professionalization stage of speech therapist training (1917-1940s); 4) the stage of establishing systematic professional training for speech therapists (1945-1990); 5) the stage of standardization and humanization of special education (early 1990s – 2010); and 6) the stage of integrating the competence-based model into the professional training system for speech therapists and orienting it toward the values of inclusive education (from 2011 to the present). The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying and systematizing the value and goal orientations of the professional training of speech therapists for the psychological and pedagogical support of students with disabilities through the lens of a historical and pedagogical analysis: from a paternalistic medical model to an inclusive competence-based paradigm. The result of the study is a detailed description of the dynamics of value and goal orientations at each historical stage of specialist training, proving their determinant influence on the content, methods, and technologies of professional instruction for speech therapists.