Tolerance and Efficacy of Targeted Therapies After Immunotherapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers Harboring Oncogenic Alterations: The GFPC-TOXIMAD Study

Vollständiger Abstract

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Background: The sequential use of anti-programmed cell death (ligand)-1 [PD-(L)1] immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) followed by targeted tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with oncogenic alterations raises questions about tolerance and efficacy. Recent study results suggested an increased risk of adverse events (AEs) with this sequence. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study on advanced NSCLC patients treated with ICIs followed by targeted therapies between 2015 and 2021. The primary endpoint was the rate of grade 3–5 adverse events (AEs). Main secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), time-to-treatment failure and overall survival (OS). Results: The analysis included 109 patients (most with EGFR, 30.3%; BRAF, 17.4%; MET exon-14, 17.4%; ALK, 10.1%; and RET, 6.4% gene alterations); 28/109, which is 25.7% of the patients, experienced grade 3/4 AEs and 4/109 (3.7%) experienced grade 5 AEs, leading to the definitive cessation of targeted therapy treatment in 14/32 (44%) of cases; higher grade 3–5 rates were observed with the dabrafenib–trametinib combination (12/16, 75%), capmatinib (4/8, 50%) and crizotinib (8/16, 50%). A last ICI-administration-to-targeted therapy-start interval of