10.3390/polym8030084

Vollständiger Abstract

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<h4>Background</h4>There is limited evidence regarding sarcopenia in Thailand, especially in southern provinces when applying the AWGS-2019 criteria.<h4>Objective</h4>The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and independent risk factors of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults in Nakhon Si Thammarat.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 246 adults aged 60 years or older. Sarcopenia was defined using the AWGS-2019 criteria. Data collection comprised the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), and physical performance assessments. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors, incorporating both categorical and continuous variables.<h4>Results</h4>The prevalence of sarcopenia was 27.64%. Multivariable analysis identified age of ≥80 years or older (AOR = 4.25, 95% CI: 1.12-16.14; <i>p</i> = 0.033) and body mass index (BMI) below 18.5 kg/m 2 (AOR = 3.58, 95% CI: 1.20-10.65; <i>p</i> = 0.022) as significant risk factors. Protective factors included attainment of secondary education or higher (AOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02-0.78; <i>p</i> = 0.025), BMI of 23.0 kg/m 2 or greater (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.09-0.40; <i>p</i> < 0.001), engagement in regular physical activity (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08-0.54; <i>p</i> = 0.001), and normal nutritional status (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08-0.71; <i>p</i> = 0.010). Further continuous analysis confirmed that each 5-year increase in age significantly increased the risk of sarcopenia (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.14-2.03; <i>p</i> = 0.005), while each 1 kg/m 2 increase in BMI was associated with a protective effect (AOR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88; <i>p</i> < 0.001).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Sarcopenia is common among older adults in Southern Thailand. Both categorical and continuous analyses identify advanced age as a primary risk factor. In contrast, higher education, optimal body mass index, regular physical activity, and adequate nutrition serve as important protective factors. These results highlight the importance of community-based screening and targeted interventions that address nutritional adequacy and structured exercise to enhance quality of life in this population.

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