Precision Nutraceuticals and Biomarkers of Healthy Aging: A Scoping Review of Human Studies on Nutrigenomic-Based Interventions

Vollständiger Abstract

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Background: Precision nutrition and nutrigenomics have emerged as promising strategies to personalize dietary interventions according to individual genetic, metabolic, and molecular characteristics. However, the potential of nutrigenomic-guided nutraceutical interventions to modulate biological aging pathways remains poorly characterized. Objective: This study aimed to map and synthesize the available evidence from human studies evaluating personalized nutraceutical interventions based on nutrigenomic approaches and their effects on biomarkers associated with biological aging. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between 2021 and 2026. Eligible studies included adults aged ≥18 years receiving personalized nutraceutical interventions informed by genetic, genomic, metabolomic, or other molecular data. Outcomes included biomarkers of cellular aging, inflammation, oxidative stress, immunometabolism, and related pathways. Results: Twenty-one studies were included. Interventions involved omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, Nigella sativa, vitamin D, methyl-donor micronutrients, fermented papaya preparation, and other nutraceutical preparations and functional food-based interventions. Four major themes emerged: multi-omic stratification approaches, biological aging biomarkers, redox-inflammatory modulation, and applications in metabolic disorders. Most studies demonstrated favorable effects on intermediate molecular biomarkers, including inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, lipid metabolism, endothelial function, and DNA methylation signatures. However, evidence directly demonstrating slowing of biological aging through validated biomarkers such as epigenetic clocks or telomere dynamics remains limited. Conclusions: Personalized nutraceutical interventions exhibit biological plausibility for modulating pathways associated with healthy aging. Nevertheless, robust longitudinal studies incorporating validated biomarkers of biological aging and clinically meaningful outcomes are needed before their widespread implementation in precision medicine.