Modern approaches to root canal irrigation in endodontic treatment: literature review

Vollständiger Abstract

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INTRODUCTION. The problem of persistent infection of the root canal system remains one of the key causes of failures in endodontic treatment. Despite the improvement of instrumental processing, the anatomical complexity of the root system and the stability of microbial biofilms necessitate effective drug treatment. AIM. The purpose of the review is to systematize data on the role of irrigation in endodontic treatment based on the analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature, to evaluate the effectiveness of basic irrigation solutions and methods of their activation. RESULTS. The analysis showed that sodium hypochlorite retains the status of the “gold standard” due to its pronounced antimicrobial activity and ability to dissolve organic tissues. Ethylenediaminetetraacetate is effective in removing the lubricated layer due to chelated binding of calcium. Chlorhexidine has pronounced antimicrobial activity and substantiality, but does not dissolve organic tissues. Methods of activating irrigants (ultrasound, sound and laser activation) significantly increase the efficiency of cleaning complex anatomical areas of the root system compared to standard needle irrigation. CONCLUSIONS. An integrated approach to irrigation using a combination of solutions and their activation is a key factor in improving the effectiveness of endodontic treatment.