A Comparison of Patterns, Predictors, and Help-Seeking Behaviours Related to Intimate Partner Violence Among Women in Rural and Urban Communities of Osun State

Vollständiger Abstract

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Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem with serious physical, psychological, sexual, and socioeconomic consequences for women. This study compared patterns, predictors, and help-seeking behaviours related to IPV among women in rural and urban communities in Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted between May and July 2023 among 500 ever-partnered women (250 rural and 250 urban) selected through multistage sampling. Quantitative data were collected using a pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization’s Multi-Country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence, while qualitative data were obtained through four focus group discussions. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression, and thematic analysis. Results: Physical violence was more common among rural women, whereas controlling behaviour and psychological violence predominated in urban communities. Significant predictors of IPV included partner alcohol consumption, childhood exposure to abuse, dysfunctional partner family background, and older partner age. Fewer than half of the respondents disclosed IPV, and among those who sought help, religious leaders and women's organisations were the most frequently consulted sources of support. Fear, shame, stigma, and economic dependence were the major barriers to help-seeking. Conclusion: Rural–urban differences exist in the patterns, predictors, and help-seeking behaviours associated with IPV. Strengthening referral pathways, survivor-centred support services, community education, and women's economic empowerment may improve IPV prevention and response.