Application of Semiconductor Nanomaterials in Water Pollution Treatment

Vollständiger Abstract

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Given the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, multiple forms of water pollution have grown increasingly severe. Traditional water treatment technologies face challenges such as low treatment efficiency and secondary pollution. Semiconductor nanomaterial-based photocatalysis has emerged as a promising approach for green water pollution control. This paper adopts a literature review method to systematically explore the photocatalytic water purification mechanisms of semiconductor nanomaterials, summarize four material optimization strategies and review the research progress of classical photocatalytic materials such as TiO₂, ZnO, g-C₃N₄, and Nb-doped SnO₂. Studies indicate that Nb doping introduces oxygen vacancies and synergistically modifies the band structure, significantly improving the poor visible-light response and photocorrosion susceptibility of SnO₂, while enhancing the removal efficiency for organic pollutants, heavy metals, and pathogenic bacteria. At present, this technology is limited by material stability, actual water conditions, and engineering-scale production, making large-scale implementation difficult. In the future, theoretical simulations for material optimization, immobilized catalytic devices, and supporting reactors may facilitate the transition of photocatalytic water treatment technology from laboratory research to industrial applications.