Ethics of Communication on Social Media from the Perspective of Muhammad Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy’s Exegesis: An Analysis of the Concept of Hate Speech in the Qur’an

Vollständiger Abstract

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Technological developments have changed communication patterns, with digital platforms often triggering hate speech and social conflict. The Qur'an provides ethical speech guidelines emphasizing honesty, prohibiting slander, and promoting caution in conveying information. This study examines Muhammad Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy's exegesis of Qur'anic verses related to hate speech and formulates ethical speech principles for social media from his perspective. Using qualitative library research with thematic exegesis (tafsir mawḍū'ī) and descriptive-analytical methods, this study reconstructs Hasbi's ethical framework. The findings reveal six principles of Qur'anic communication ethics relevant to digital media: qaul balīgh (speech that penetrates the soul), qaul layyin (gentle speech), qaul maysūr (easy and pleasant speech), qaul ma'rūf (good speech), qaul tsaqīl (responsible speech), and the avoidance of qaul az-zūr (false speech). Derived from verses such as QS. An-Nisa' 4:62–63, QS. Thaha 20:43–44, QS. Al-Isra' 17:28, QS. Al-Baqarah 2:235, and QS. Al-Muzzammil 73:5, these principles offer a comprehensive ethical framework beyond merely listing prohibited acts (ghibah, namimah, fitnah). Hasbi's exegesis reconstructs these values into a systematic framework applicable to social media, creating a healthy communication space aligned with Islamic values.