Manejo del Dolor Posquirúrgico en Pacientes Pediátricos Posapendicectomía: Rol del Profesional de Enfermería desde la Teoría del Confort

Vollständiger Abstract

Worum geht es in dieser Arbeit?

Postoperative pain in paediatric patients undergoing appendicectomy represents a multidimensional experience encompassing physical, emotional, familial and environmental factors, thereby requiring a comprehensive approach based on compassionate, patient-centred nursing care. The objective of this study was to analyse the available scientific evidence on the management of postoperative pain in children undergoing appendicectomy, considering the contribution of nursing professionals to the child's overall well-being throughout the recovery process. A qualitative study was conducted using a descriptive documentary review aimed at critically analysing scientific articles published between 2002 and 2022 and retrieved from national and international academic databases. The findings demonstrated that timely and effective pain management promotes physical recovery, facilitates adaptation to the hospital environment, and reduces the emotional consequences associated with surgery. Furthermore, the review highlighted the importance of assessing children's perceptions of pain while taking into account age, cognitive development and the family environment. Non-pharmacological nursing interventions, including therapeutic communication, distraction techniques, emotional support and family involvement, complement analgesic treatment and enhance the comfort of paediatric patients. It is concluded that postoperative pain management requires a holistic approach in which nursing professionals play a pivotal role by delivering individualised care aimed at promoting the child's physical, emotional, social and environmental well-being.