Sarcopenia e envelhecimento no Brasil: relação entre hábitos de vida, diagnóstico e progressão da síndrome - revisão sistemática

Vollständiger Abstract

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Objective: to analyze scientific publications and official documents regarding the relationship between lifestyle habits, diagnostic methods and progression of sarcopenia among older adults in Brazil. Method: systematic review without meta-analysis, structured according to PRISMA 2020 recommendations. The research question followed the PECO framework, considering Brazilian older adults, exposure to sedentary behavior, insufficient physical activity, dietary inadequacy and comorbidities, and outcomes related to risk, prevalence, diagnosis and progression of sarcopenia. Searches were planned in PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS/BVS and gray literature, complemented by official sources from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, DATASUS, IBGE and the World Health Organization, preferably covering 2015 to 2026. Results: the reviewed literature indicates that sarcopenia is a multifactorial musculoskeletal condition associated with aging, physical inactivity, protein-energy inadequacy, multimorbidity, diabetes mellitus, frailty and increased risk of falls. Official data reinforce its public health relevance: the 2022 Brazilian Census reported 32.1 million people aged 60 years or older; recent Ministry of Health publications estimate approximately 36 million older people and about 9 million falls per year in this population; and Vigitel 2006-2024 reported 33.3% of adults with insufficient physical activity in Brazilian state capitals in 2024. The EWGSOP2 consensus prioritizes low muscle strength as the initial marker, confirms diagnosis through low muscle quantity/quality and classifies severity through physical performance. Conclusion: sarcopenia should be addressed as a public health priority in the context of Brazilian population aging. Functional screening in primary care, feasible tools for the Brazilian Unified Health System, resistance and multicomponent exercise, nutritional adequacy and monitoring of outcomes such as falls, functional decline and hospitalizations are recommended.