Frontiers in Psychology
AI literacy for self-regulated learning among pre-service teachers: development and validation of a scale of ethical use, monitoring, motivation, regulation, and evaluation
Introduction Existing AI-literacy measures often emphasize broad knowledge, attitudes, application, or ethical awareness rather than how learners use AI within self-regulated academic learning. This study developed and validated the Multidimensional Aspects of AI Literacy Scale for Pre-Service Teachers (MAILS-PT), which assesses Ethical Use, Metacognitive Monitoring (Monitor), Motivational Regulation (Motivate), Behavioral Regulation (Regulate), and Critical Evaluation (Evaluate). Method An initial 60-item pool was …