Frontiers in Oral Health
Comparative effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound and pharmacotherapy in the management of muscular temporomandibular disorders: a randomized clinical trial
Introduction Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) of muscular origin are a common cause of chronic orofacial pain and functional limitation. Conservative management includes pharmacotherapy and physiotherapeutic modalities such as therapeutic ultrasound. However, evidence directly comparing their effectiveness remains limited. This randomized clinical trial compared therapeutic ultrasound and pharmacotherapy in reducing pain intensity and improving mandibular function in patients with muscular TMDs. Materials and met …