Cancer Biome and Targeted Therapy
Patient-derived organoids in pancreatic cancer: Advances and applications in precision oncology
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest malignancies owing to late diagnosis, extensive intratumoral heterogeneity, a dense desmoplastic tumor microenvironment, and limited therapeutic responsiveness. Although current treatment regimens, including FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel, have modestly improved survival, chemoresistance and the lack of reliable predictive biomarkers continue to hinder precision oncology. Conventional two-dimensional cell lines and many in vivo mod …