ACS Omega
Novel Phenanthraquinone Derivative from Antarctic Lichen Umbilicaria antarctica Exhibits Apoptotic Activity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most challenging malignancies in modern drug development, as its poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options create an urgent demand for innovative treatments. To address this, Antarctic lichens─known for their diverse pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects─were selected as a natural source for potential lead compounds. Extensive chemical analysis of Umbilicaria antarctica (L.) Ach., a …