International Journal of Public Health and Medical Research
Brain Network and Synaptic Plasticity Changes Associated with Electroconvulsive Therapy for Depression: A Multilevel Review
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an important treatment for severe, treatment-resistant, or high-risk depression, yet the relationship between its antidepressant effects, brain network changes, and cellular and molecular processes remains incompletely understood. Recent advances in multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), molecular biology, and animal electroconvulsive stimulation models have provided multilevel evidence for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms o …