npj Metabolic Health and Disease
Causal mediation pathways in continuous postprandial glucose monitoring for type 1 diabetes patients
Abstract Managing postprandial glucose in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) requires understanding how carbohydrate intake affects glucose through both direct pathways and insulin-mediated compensation. Standard analyses treat insulin as a confounder rather than a mediator, obscuring these distinct causal channels and patient-level heterogeneity in carbohydrate response. Using meal-centered continuous glucose monitoring windows from twelve adults in the OhioT1DM cohorts, we apply causal mediation analysis to decompos …