Toxics
Analysis of Ni, Cu, and Fe in Loose Cosmetic Products: A Preliminary Dermal Exposure and Health Risk Assessment
Loose cosmetic products are widely used in everyday makeup application; however, they may constitute a source of consumer exposure to metals present either intentionally as structural mineral pigments or unintentionally as contaminants derived from raw materials. The aim of this study was to quantitatively determine the concentrations of nickel, copper, and iron in loose facial cosmetics (including face powders, contouring products, and eyeshadows) available on the Polish market and to evaluate the potential human …