Journal of International Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Chemical Migration from Plastic Bottled-water Containers under Environmental Stress: A Critical Review of Toxicological Mechanisms, Ecological Effects and Clinical Health Implications
Plastic bottled water is a complex exposure system in which the bottle body, closure, processing history, water chemistry and post-production environment can all influence the transfer of chemicals and particles into the contained water. This critical narrative review evaluates evidence on migration from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and relevant closure or reusable-bottle polymers under thermal, photochemical, temporal and mechanical stress, and integrates that evidence with toxicological, ecological an …