Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
RAS signaling and remodeling of the immune microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: implications of emerging RAS-targeted therapy
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies. Its poor prognosis is closely related to early invasion, extensive stromal deposition, and a strongly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Mutant KRAS is a major driver of PDAC initiation and progression, but its effects are not limited to cancer-cell proliferation. Increasing evidence indicates that oncogenic RAS signaling also alters the surrounding microenvironment by affecting fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix pr …