World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery
Predictors of the technical success of ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for biliary obstruction
BACKGROUND Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is a critical minimally invasive intervention for biliary obstruction, with technical success being a key determinant of clinical outcomes. AIM To identify and quantify the clinically modifiable factors predicting technical success of ultrasound-guided PTBD, and thereby to develop an evidence-based framework for procedural triage and standardization. METHODS A total of 263 ultrasound-guided PTBD procedures performed at three tertiary hospitals (2019-2024) …