The Milbank Quarterly
Stigma as a Social Determinant of Health: A Policy Classification Framework and Call to Action
Policy Points Stigma functions as a social determinant of health (SDOH), producing population health inequities through resource deprivation, social exclusion, constrained health care, physiological stress, and diminished agency—yet it lacks formal SDOH classification. Because stigma operates as a fundamental cause of health inequalities, policy responses must extend beyond health care systems to encompass housing, employment, education, and social participation. Discrimination is already classified as an SDOH; for …