Frontiers in Psychology
Impact of SA-related visual characteristics on driver takeover reaction time in L3 automated vehicles: an eye-movement-based evaluation method
Introduction In Level 3 (L3) conditionally automated driving, drivers must rapidly regain situational awareness (SA) following a takeover request. This study examined pre-takeover eye-movement characteristics and their associations with SA-related states and takeover reaction time under different takeover scenarios and non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs). Methods A driving simulator experiment was conducted under four conditions. Of 168 trials from 42 participants, 108 valid trials from 27 participants were analyzed. …