Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
Reading Comprehension and Orthographic Consistency: Modeling Direct and Indirect Pathways in Children With Reading Difficulties
Purpose: This study examined how orthographic transparency shapes reading comprehension (RC) among third-grade students with reading difficulties (RD). Hebrew provides a within-language test case that features both transparent and opaque scripts, thus minimizing confounds that arise in cross-language comparisons. Method: Using path analysis, we modeled the direct and indirect associations of phonological awareness (PA), morphological awareness (MA), orthographic processing, morphosyntactic awareness (MSA), vocabula …